Initials Search

• A

  Alliance Chain

  It can be regarded as a type of private chain. It is generally operated by multiple organizations and it is partial-decentralized compared to a public chain.

  Accidental Fork

  It refers to a situation where two or more miners successfully calculate the harsh at the same time, which means finding the block.

  API

  Within Blockchain industry, it is the abbreviation form of Application Programming Interface.

  Address

  Comprised of a series of letters and numbers, it is similar to a bank account, which is used to transfer and receive cryptocurrencies.

  Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm

  Known as a cryptographic algorithm, it requires 2 keys, the public key for encryption and the private key for decryption.

  Arbitrage

  It refers to a type of trading by maximizing profits on price differences between exchanges.

  Attack Vector

  It is a technique by which unauthorized access can be gained to a device or a network to exploit the sys tem‘s vulnerabilities.

  ATOM

  Cosmos is a decentralized network of independent parallel blockchains, each powered by BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint consensus. It officially launched in March 2019.

  Anti-Money Laundering

  It refers to a series of laws and regulations decreed by authorities in order to prevent criminals from disguising illegal obtained funds as legitimate income.

  Algorand（ALGO）

  Algorand_s consensus mechanism is permissionless and pure proof-of-stake. It ensures full participation, protection, and speed within a truly decentralized network.

  Altcoin

  It refers to alternative cryptocurrencies launched after bitcoin.

  Anonymity

  One of the key features of blockchain. It enables a higher level of privacy of the transaction without revealing information about the trading parties.

  Autonomy

  It is one of the characteristics of Blockchain technology.

  Asset Token

  It is a type of cryptocurrency that can be regarded as an asset such as stocks, securities.

  EdDSA

  Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm _EdDSA_ is a cryptographic algorithm used by ADA, Stellar, Lisk, NEM, XMR, Tezos.

  AI Security

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

• B

  Blow Up

  It happens when a trader‘s loss exceeds the deposit in his or her account due to the vaｒiation of the market.

  Block

  Refers to a computer file that records transaction information. A blockchain is created when blocks are connected as a continuous chain.

  Blockchain

  It is comprised of blocks and become a chain. The block refers to a digital piece of information of a database.

  Bitcoin

  Created by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is a cryptocurrency integrated with the subjects of Cryptography and Consensus Mechanism.

  Byzantine Generals Problem

  Proposed by Leslie Lambert in 1982, it is the fault-tolerant problem of peer-to-peer network. Bitcoin solves this problem by Proof of Work Consensus.

  Brute Force Attack

  It refers to a method in cryptography which obtains information such as passwords by trying all the possible answers.

  Bullish

  When a trader believes that an asset will rise in value, he or she is “bullish“ on the asset.

  Bitcoin Pizza

  It is an event that took place on May 22, 2010.

  Bull Market

  Refers to the positive market trend.

  Bull Trap

  It refers to the inaccurate signal that indicate market price increases but in fact, the price will continue to decrease.

  Bear Market

  It refers to a gloomy and negative market condition.

  Black Swan Event

  Refers to the unpredictable and influential events such as 911 and Brexit.

  Bearish

  When a traders believe that an asset will drop in value, he or she is “bearish“ on the asset.

  Block Reward

  Refers to the rewards that miners receive for finding new blocks by using mining devices. Different cryptocurrencies have different rewards based on respective blocks in the blockchain.

  Block Height

  The number of blocks within the blockchain from its genesis block.

  Block Trading

  It refers to the large volume trading.

  Bounce Back

  It is a word which can be used to describe both the stock market and cryptocurrency market when the price of an asset keeps declining, but turns to rise again.

  Bitcoin Gold

  It is a new token created by a hard fork of the original open-source cryptocurrency which took place on October 24, 2017, with a total issue amount of 21 million.

  Bytom Blockchain Protocol

  It is an interactive protocol of multiple byte assets.

  Big Pie

  A Chinese saying of BTC.

  Uncertainty principle（Heisenberg uncertainty principle）

  The uncertainty principle states that one cannot assign exact simultaneous values to the position and momentum of a particle.

  Quoted currency

  The quote currency, commonly known as "counter currency," is the second currency in both a direct and indirect currency pair

  Standard money

  It is a monetary unit which is designated by a government to serve as the basis of its currency _.

  Bretton Woods system

  The Bretton Woods Agreement and _ created a collective international currency exchange regime

  Bit

  The bit is a basic unit of information in information theory, computing, including digital communications.

• C

  Coin Hoarding

  Behavior where an investor starts to purchase and hoard a large sum of some currency.

  Copycat Coin

  All cryptocurrencies except Bitcoin can be called a copycat coin. However, they are not counterfeit, but rather a new kind of coin developed based on Bitcoin source code.

  Cryptocurrency Speculation

  It is a type of trading to gain profits by speculating on crypto price.

  Cryto-crypto Trading

  It refers to the type of trading by purchasing one crypto at the price of another crypto, such as purchasing Bitcoin using USDT（as in BTC/USDT）.

  Consensus Mechanism

  It is a sys tem to reach agreements about whether a piece of information.

  Candy

  It could be seen as a token given away to users.

  Cut Loss

  It refers to the act of reducing the amount of crypto assets in position when the prices are dropping.

  Ciphertext

  Refers to the encrypted form of the plaintext.

  Cold Wallet

  It is a wallet that is not connected to the network and therefore it is more secure to store crypto assets.

  Computational Power

  As the measurement of Bitcoin network processing power, it can measure the speed of the Hash Function output calculated by CPU.

  Cryptocurrency

  It is a virtual currency developed by using cryptography and encryption techniques.

  Chinese Chives

  It is a Chinese metaphor in the crypto industry which describes investors who are not familiar with the cryptocurrency market.

  Cryptography

  Cryptography is a branch of Mathematics and Computer science.

  Crocodiles

  It refers to individuals or organization that try to make profit from any situation with large amount of capital.

  Consensus

  A consensus is an agreement reached by different parties.

  Consensus Algorithm

  It is a process in computer science used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or _s.

  Contract Trading

  It is a type of standardized futures trading.

  Confidential Transaction

  It is a cryptographic protocol that is able to conceal the crypto assets’ amount value and the address of the recipient.

  Cover

  It refers to the behavior of buying-in more of the asset that is already in position when the price of that asset drops so that the cost can be diminished.

  Crypto-investor

  Specifically referring to people accumulating assets through crypto market trading or offering tokens through projects.

  Chive Harvesting

  t refers to a phenomenon that big dealers purchase a large amount of some crypto asset at its lowest price in order to raise the price.

  Coin Shuffling

  It is a privacy service.

  Compliance

  The practice of obeying rules or requests made by an authority.

  Contract Layer

  It is one of the layers of a blockchain sys tem, consisting of va rious scr ipts, algorithms, and smart contracts.

  Core Wallet

  It contains the entire blockchain. Users can not only receive, store and send cryptocurrencies with it but also program on it.

  Computational infeasibility

  It refers to a situation where the computation is computable, but it will take an unrealistic amount of time to process

  Confirmation of transaction

  It happens when a transaction is recorded and confirmed.

  Cold Storage

  It means to keep your crypto offline for the sake of security.

  Candidate Block

  It is a temporary block created by a mining node using transactions selected from the memory pool in order to receive the block rewards.

  Operation Code

  A series of instruction sequence code specifies the operation to be performed by CPU. An operation code represents an order.

  Replay Attack

  A replay attack is a form of network attack in which valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated

  Hyperautomation

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

• D

  Drop Below Market Debut

  It refers to the situation where the price of a coin or token drops below its issuing price.

  Delegated Proof of Stake

  It requires coin/token holders to vote for representatives who are responsible for validating the transaction and maintaining the network.

  Darknet

  It refers to the private network connected by non-standard protocol and ports, and credible nodes, which cannot be accessed by regular protocols.

  DApp

  It is the abbreviation form of Decentralized Application which is run on a P2P network.

  Distributed Ledger

  It is a shared and synchronized database based on P2P technology for data and asset transaction records. Blockchain is regarded as a type of distributed ledger.

  Depth

  It is a word used to assess whether an Exchange is capable of remaining stable when there is a lot of large volume trading.

  Digital Signature

  Similar to a personal signature singed on paper, a digital signature is a string of encrypted numbers developed by the message sender and impossible to forge by others.

  Double Spending

  It refers to a given amount of coins that are spent twice or more.

  Dead Cat Bounce

  It refers to the price of some coin that keeps declining and then temporarily bounces. But it keeps dropping afterward.

  Deep Web

  It is the world wide web whose hidden contents cannot be visited by search engines.

  Decentralization

  Decentralization is an updated sys tem to access, store, and update data on the internet from not only a few connected portals.

  Decentralized Exchange

  Short form for Decentralized Exchange, which does not rely on a central authority and allows peer-to-peer trading.

  Distributed Denial of Service Attack （DDoS Attack）

  It is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator overwhelms a server with traffic, slowing down and disrupting the normal traffic of the server and making it unavailable for others.

  Distributed Cloud Computing

  It is the technology to have multiple computers work at the same on a single problem.

  Deposit

  It is the funds placed in an account as the first installment on a purchase or as a pledge for a contract.

  Dust Transaction

  Refers to transactions of minuscule amounts of token/coins in which the value of the token/coins is lower than the cost of spending it.

  Dogecoin（DOGE）

  t is a cryptocurrency featuring a likeness of the Shiba Inu dog with the “Doge“ Internet meme as its logo.

  DCA

  It is an investment strategy used in a fixed period of time.

  Difficulty Bomb

  It refers to the increase of difficulty in the Ethereum mining process.

  Difficulty Target

  The level of difficulty at which a new block is created every 10 minutes.

  Dash

  Formerly named DarkCoin, is the first privacy-centric cryptographic currency with anonymous block transactions powered by DarkSend.

  Derivatives

  These are special financial products whose values derives from its underlying financial assets.

  Distributed Ledger

  One of the key features of blockchains. It enables the transparency and availability of the blockchain ledger to all the nodes in the network.

  Secure multi-party computation

  Secure multiparty computation _MPC_ is a technology

  Multiexperience

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

• E

  Ethereum

  An open-source, smart contract, and decentralized blockchain-based application platform, which was proposed by Vitalik Buterin.

  Eater Address

  Refers to an address that is not recognized by the Blockchain or loses its private key.

  Encryption Algorithm

  It is a kind of algorithm which encrypts the original information into a series of unreadable cipher-text, while the process is irreversible.

  Eclipse Attack

  Refers to the malicious act that aims to attack some node in the network. It prevents a certain target from getting an accurate picture of the real network state.

  Exchange Trading

  The opposite of OTC, meaning that the trading activity occurs on an exchange.

  Exchange Dividend

  It is the bonus distributed by an exchange that users receive by holding the token issued by that exchange.

  ERC-20

  It is an official protocol for proposing improvements to the Ethereum （ETH） network.

  Exchange Rate

  It refers to the value or price of one currency expressed in another currency.

  Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends fｏr 2020

  Proposed by Gartner in 2019.

• F

  Fiat Currency

  It is the lawful currency issued by the central bank of a country, such as Chinese Yuan, US Dollar, and Japanese Yen.

  Fiat Currency Trading

  It is the trading within users. For example, after transferring fiat money to a seller, the buyer receives the crypto from the seller.

  Fully Invested

  Refers to the behaviour of investing all the funds to purchase crypto asset at one time.

  Favourable Information

  It refers to the news favourable to the rise of currency price.

  Intentional Fork

  The general term for both a hard fork and a soft fork.

  Forked Coin

  It is a new cryptocurrency generated from a blockchain_s hard fork. e.g BCH is BTC_s fork coin.

  Fiat Collateralized Stable Coin

  It refers to a type of stablecoin which is backed by a fiat currency.

  Financial service

  It refers to economic services involving financial transactions，etc.

  Federated Byzantine Agreement

  It is a form of Byzantine Fault Tolerance. It requires nodes to be known and verified ahead of time before users request any performance from the FBA.

  Combating the financing of terrorism

  Combatting the Financing of Terrorism _CFT_ is focused on restricting the movement

  Distributed Cloud

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

• G

  Genesis Block

  The 1st block created in the Blockchain.

  The Ghost Protocol

  It was introduced and implemented by Ethereum.

  Observer effect

  In physics, the observer effect is the theory that the mere observation of a phenomenon inevitably changes that phenomenon.

  Photon

  The photon is a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves.

  Foreign exchange purchasing

  To purchase foreign currency, one needs to exchange the domestic currency in his account. Then, the purchased currency will remain as his bank record.

  Grover

  A quantum algorithm that can search targeted number in digital field.

  Public Cloud

  A sharing platform for storing and resource applications

• H

  Holdings

  The amount of one‘s crypto asset in position.

  Hash Algorithm

  An encryption function that is able to transform any information into a fixed-length string.

  Hard Fork

  Refers to a situation where a new kind of Blockchain is diverted from the original.

  Hot Wallet

  This is a sort of wallet used to store coins online, but it only can be used when there is a network connection, so it is less safe than a cold wallet, which stores coins offline.

  Halving

  It refers to the mechanism that the bitcoin block reward will be reduced by half every 210,000 blocks, so as to the control the supply and maintain the value of the currency.

  Hedging

  It is a risk management strategy used to offset potential losses on investment by investing in another venture which is expected to perform the opposite way.

  Hyperledger

  It is an open-source project which aims to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies.

  HODL

  A typo of “Hold.“ It refers to the strategies of holding crypto assets and not selling them.

  Hashed Timelock Contract

  It is a technology that enables transactions and transfer of tokens issued on different blockchains.

  Hacker

  It generally refers to experts who have an advanced understanding of computer _s and networks such as programmers.

  Honeypot technique

  It is a deception technique used to upgrade _ defense ability.

  Hybrid Consensus

  It is a sys tem designed to enhance the efficiency of a single consensus mechanism, usually integrated with more than 2 consensus protocols.

  Blackbody radiation

  A blackbody is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation.

  Currency Crisis

  Currency crisis includes a broad currency crisis and a narrow currency crisis.

• I

  Iceberg oｒder

  A large order which is presented as a smaller limit order to hide the actual order quantity.

  IEO

  Similar to an Initial Coin Offering （IC0）, Initial Exchange Offering is a fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when first listed on an exchange.

  IC0

  It is a kind of fundraising method for cryptocurrency projects when they are about to issue their token or coins.

  Incentive Layer

  One of the layers in blockchain, which is mainly about a reward distribution mechanism.

  Interest

  The amount of extra money paid at a certain rate to the lender by borrowers over a certain period of time.

• J

  Regtech

  Regtech is the management of regulatory processes

  Node

  Nodes are devices or data points on a larger network, such as network node and GGSN.

  Classical mechanics

  Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects at low speed.

  Base currency

  The base currency is the currency against which exchange rates are generally quoted in a given country. Examples: USD/RMB, the US Dollar is the base currency.

  Exchange settlement

  Foreign-exchange transactions are settled via correspondent banks.

  Gold standard

  The gold standard is a monetary _

  Gold parity

  It is the ratio of two monetary units calculated on the basis of their legally fixed gold content.

  Classical algorithm

  A classical _or non-quantum_ algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions

  Extremal optimization （EO）

  A heuristic initially proposed by Boettcher at the World Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation.

  Democratization

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

  Financial Openness

  A situation where a country or region open the financial market to the world, or a situation where the financial market of a country or region turns into openness from blockage.

• K

  Know Your Customer

  A standard procedure to verify a customer’s identity in order to deter illegal behaviors such as money laundering.

  Cross-Chain Interaction

  A mutual communication of information on different blockchains that allows asset exchange, e.g. transferring ETH with BTC.

  Reversible computing

  Reversible computing is a model of computing where the computational process to some extent is time-reversible.

  Open Source

  Open source, unveiling the source program, allows people to visit, share and modify the program.

  Empty Block

  A limited-capacity block that only contains one piece of information but also has the ability to transfer tiny data, which can only help the block discovered.

  Financial technology （fintech）

  The combination of technology and innovation encouraged and supported by the government,

• L

  Liquidation

  An act of closing futures trading.

  Large Position

  It refers to the situation where an investor buys a lot of crypto with funds and holds a lesser amount of cash.

  Lock-up Position

  It refers to the situation where tokens or coins are not allowed to be traded in a certain time period.

  Long Selling

  Investors start to buy some currency with the expectation of a price rise in the future. Once its price rises, they sell it at a high price to be able to take profits.

  Lighting Network

  This term was first proposed in 2015 with the purpose of improving the scalability of Bitcoin transactions.

  Long Range Attack

  It is an attack where an adversary creates the other branch on the blockchain, starting from the Genesis block and replaces the legal mainchain.

  Long Wick Candle

  It appears when the price of a stock or token decreases or increases dramatically within a short period of time, indicating that the price might see a reverse trend.

  Large Investors

  Refers to those investors who have access to massive capital and conduct a large amount of trading - in frequency and in quantity.

  Chain Circle

  It is a circle consisting of experts and professions concentrating on blockchain technology

  Layer 2

  In a broader sense, layer 2 protocols create a secondary framework

  Quantum mechanics

  Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes nature at the smallest-including atomic and subatomic-scales.

  Quantum key distribution

  Quantum key distribution _QKD_ is a secure communication method

  Quantum state

  In quantum physics, a quantum state is the state of an isolated quantum _.

  Quantum computer

  Universal quantum computers leverage the quantum mechanical phenomena of superposition and entanglement to manipulate information.

  Quantum algorithm

  Based on classical algorithms, quantum algorithms use some essential features of quantum computation

  Quantum logic gate

  A quantum logic gate _or simply quantum gate_ is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.

  Quantum entanglement

  Quantum entanglement occurs when two particles become inextricably linked,

  Qubit

  In quantum computing, a qubit is the basic unit of quantum information.

  Quantum Prime Factor

  In the quantum algorithm, the figure that can decompose prime numbers is called a prime factor, e,g, in the equation 50=2*5*5, 50 is a prime factor, and 2,5,5 are prime numbers.

  Libra

  An unissued cryptocurrency proposed by Facebook on 2019 June and planned to be launched in 2020.

  Chainplus

  Known as ‘blockchain revolution,’

• M

  Miner

  It refers to an individual who wants to get the block reward by using computers to calculate the encryption functions.

  Mining

  It is a process using high-performance computing devices to tackle complicated computational math problems, and as a result, tokens are rewarded to the miner completed the block.

  Mining Rig

  It is used to calculate encryption functions, usually performing a single calculation program and being equipped with a mining chip.

  Mining Pool

  Miners combine their computational power over a network and become a joint mining group. The mining pool assigns calculation tasks to each miner （mining rig） connected to the pool.

  Mining Farm

  A place which has a large number of mining rigs to mine cryptocurrencies.

  Malicious Node

  The nodes created to attack other networks.

  Merkle Tree

  Also known as Hash Tree, a Merkel Tree is a tree-like data structure.

  Mainstream Token

  Refers to cryptos whose market values rank the top. Common mainstream currencies are BTC, LTC and ETH etc.,

  Mainnet

  Mainnet is a reliable network protocol of blockchain where transaction information can be verified and recorded.

  Market Stabilization

  It is a behavior to stabilize the price of a cryptocurrency by purchasing a large number of it to prevent its price from plunging.

  Multi-signature Wallet

  It is a type of wallet that requires at least two private keys to authorize a transaction.

  Multichain Wallet

  It is a type of wallet that enables transactions of crypto assets on different mainnets. It can store more than one type of crypto asset.

  Merkle Root

  It is the final hash left after multiple calculations.

  Mining Difficulty

  It refers to the amount of time used in mining.

  Margin Trading

  It refers to the trading activity which allows traders to trade with borrowed funds to increase their sums of capital.

  Money Supply

  It refers to the entire stock of a country‘s fiat currency. It consists of the cash in circulation and the deposits.

  Multi-signature

  It is a mechanism requiring multiple keys to authorize a transaction.

  Cypherpunk

  Cypherpunks are activists who advocate the use of cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a way to social change.

  Full Block

  A limited-capacity block that is filled with information.

• N

  Nounce

  This is a string of automatically generated numbers during the process of mining. Using this string of numbers, miners are likely to figure out Hash Function to get the block reward.

  Node

  It refers to a connecting point in a decentralized network. A node can be a mobile phone, a computer or a mining rig. The more nodes a network has, the more secure it will be.

  Non-Fungible Token

  Built on the ERC-721 standard, it is a particular type of cryptographic token representing something unique that cannot be interchanged for another.

  Non-Transferable Token

  They are the tokens that are nontransferable nor interchangeable.

  Neutrality of Money

  It is an economic theory that the changes in the supply of money have no impact on the overall economy.

• O

  Orphan Block

  They are the blocks that are not recogized by the Blockchain.

  Over-the-counter

  In the cryptocurrency field, any transactions completed outside the Exchange can be seen as OTC.

  Offline wallet

  It means cold wallet.

• P

  Position Opening

  Investors create positions by buying or selling a certain amount of future contracts.

  Public Blockchain

  It is a type of blockchain that allow anyone to check, exchange transaction data, and participate in the process of consensus.

  Proof of Work

  Proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, it is designed to solve the Byzantine Generals Problems.

  Proof of Stake

  It is a mechanism designed to distribute interest according to the number of tokens that users are staking.

  Ponzi Scheme

  It is a form of fraud created by Chales Ponzi.

  P2P Storage

  It is a decentralized storage sys tem which leverages the storage capacity of each node of a network and therefore enhancing the network efficiency.

  Private Key

  Public and private key pair is a pair of closely related cryptographic keys. Associated with the address of a crypto, the private key is non-public.

  Public Key

  The public key and private key are a pair of keys generated from encryption algorithm.

  Plaintext

  It refers to the readable information transmitted from a sender to a receiver.

  Potential Blockchain Project

  It means a crypt token that is considered worth investing in.

  Pyramid Scheme

  It is a scheme that uses funds of multiple users to pay back other users.

  Periodic Investment Plan

  It is a common investment strategy that allows an investor to invest their funds by making small periodic payments.

  Peak Sale

  Refer to the act of selling an asset in a period of time at a relatively higher price compared to the stocking price.

  Position Proportion

  It is the proportion between the total funds and buying funds.

  Programmability

  One of the key features of blockchain.

  Payment Token

  It is a type of cryptocurrency that is considered as a medium of payment, such as BTC and LTC.

  Planck constant

  Planck constant is a physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency.

  Peer-to-peer networking

  Peer-to-peer _P2P_ network is a decentralized communications model

• Q

  Foreign remittance

  Foreign remittance is a transfer of money from a foreign worker to their family or other individuals in their home countries.

  Signature algorithm

  A signature algorithm is a cryptographic algorithm that protects the security of blockchain.

  Simplified Payment Verification

  A wallet, providing good users experience, that can only save self-related blocks data with small occupied memory.

  Layer 0

  Layer 0 is the lowest layer. The first component of Layer 0 provides the necessary networking capabilities necessary for building peer-to-peer networks.

• R

  Rollback

  It is an operation of restoring a program or data to its previous status due to data process errors.

  Risk Management

  It is the process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating the risks in investments.

  Ransomware:

  It is a type of pr_ent malicious software.

  Reverse

  It is a situation that occurs when the price drops to the bottom line but later keeps rising, showing a “V” shape on the chart.

  Ring Signature

  In cryptography, a ring signature refers to a kind of digital signature that is created by any member of a group of users, which each have their own keys.

  Road map

  It refers to the project schedule of a blockchain project

  Raiden Network

  It is an off-chain scaling solution that enables instant and low-fee payments.

  Human Augmentation

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.

• S

  Small Position

  It refers to the situation where an investor holds more cash and a small amount of crypto in his account.

  Soft Fork

  Refers to the procedure of a temporary program upgrade.

  Swing Trading

  It is a style of trading that attempts to gain profits by going long or short in multiple trading sessions in a shorter period （several times at a day or in a week）.

  Sybil Attack

  It refers to an individual who manages to create multiple accounts for the purpose of controlling the whole network by getting enough nodes.

  Stable Coin

  A coin whose price can remain stable without significant fluctuation.

  Atomic Swap

  This is a smart contract technology that enables the transaction of one cryptocurrency for another without intermediaries.

  Satoshi Nakamoto

  The creator of Bitcoin, but his real identity remains unknown.

  Smart Contract

  First proposed by Nick Szabo in the 1990s, it is a kind of computer protocol aiming at disseminating and verifying contracts.

  Short Selling

  Investors sell the currency at the current price with the expectation of price decline in the future.

  Sideways Trend

  Refers to the stable average price during a period of time that no obvious fluctuations was observed.

  Shitcoin

  it refers to an altcoin that has no intrinsic value since it does not have any use cases or a proper project behind it.

  Sharding

  It is a method used to divide an extensive database into smaller parts in order to make it faster and easier to process.

  Sidechain

  A sidechain is a separate blockchain attached to its mainchain.

  Single-signature Wallet

  It is a type of wallet that requires only one private key to authorize a transaction.

  Super-sovereign Reserve Currency

  A super currency is a hypothetical global currency.

  Strategy Analysis

  In accounting and finance industries, it is an analysis of a business_s financial state - including health, competitors, and markets.

  Satoshi

  It is the minimum unit of a Bitcoin nominated by Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

  Secondary Market

  It is a market where investors buy and sell assets they already own. _ious exchanges can be regarded as the biggest secondary market so far.

  Settlement

  It refers to the exchange of money or security between trading parties on the settlement date as agreed.

  Seed round

  It refers to the first round of investment funding raised for a blockchain project.

  SPV

  It is a software which enables you to confirm the transaction without downloading the entire blockchain.

  Regulatory sandbox

  A regulatory sandbox is a framework set up by a regulator.

• T

  Token

  Tokens refer to the Blockchain circulating units such as BTC, ETH, etc.

  Timestamp

  It refers to the sign that is set to mark events, and it can record what has happened at a certain time. Each transaction is arranged in order by the marked time.

  Testnet

  A public blockchain consists of its mainnet and testnet.

  To the moon

  It means the surge of a token‘s price. Some joke about linking this phenomenon with the possibility of buying a Lamborghini, saying “When moon, When Lambo“.

  The Intranet

  It is a network connected to, interacting with and recognized by general （household）objects.

  Taker

  It refers to a trader who place an order that trades immediately by filling an existing order on the order book.

  TRON

  TRON is committed to promoting the decentralization of the Internet and is committed to building infrastructure for the decentralized Internet.

  Turnover Rate

  Indicates the frequency of the exchange of cryptocurrency being traded during a certain period as a reflection of liquidity.

  The medium of exchange

  In modern transactions, the common medium of exchange is currency.

  Transaction broadcast

  It refers to a situation where transaction information will be relayed in the network, and the nodes will confirm the process.

  Traceability

  One of the key features of blockchain.

  The annualized rate of return

  It is a profit on an investment over a period of time, which is typically a year.

  Homomorphic encryption

  Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption

  Elliptic Curve Cryptography

  Elliptic curve cryptography _ECC_ is a public key encryption technique

  ECDSA

  Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm _ECDSA_ is a cryptographic algorithm used by Bitcoin,

  Cross-Chain Interaction of Isomorphic Chains

  One of the cross-chain interactive technology, which is easy to achieve interaction between the chains.

  Transparency and Traceability

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner to reduce the risk of privacy leak and guarantee data security under the crisis of confidence.

• U

  Unfavourable Information

  It refers to the news that leads to the decline of currency price.

  Utility Token

  It is a type of cryptocurrency that is issued in order to fund the development of the cryptocurrency which later can be later used to purchase a good or service offered by the issuer.

• W

  Wallet

  Designed to keep cryptos, a wallet consists of an address which is connected to the respective blockchain.

  White Paper

  It is an introduction to a Blockchain project, including its mission and purpose, technical background, team, token allocation, etc.

  Whitelist

  It is a collection of trusted individuals, computer programs or cryptocurrency addresses.

  Whale

  It is often used to describe an individual or an organization that holds a large sum of crypto assets and can impact the markets.

  “Two clouds” in physics

  The British physicist Lord Kelvin gave a speech entitled “Nineteenth-Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light”.

• X

  Virtual address

  Physical addresses refer to hardware addresses of physical memory.

  ‎Erwin Schrödinger＇s Cat

  Schrödinger_s cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.

  The Inter Planetary File System （IPFS）

  A protocol and peer-to-peer network that can achieve decentralization.

  Formal Verification

  Also known as modeling, a method to verify the problems of a program or _ with mathematical modeling, mostly applied to the hardware and gradually used in the software.

  Crisis of Confidence

  A situation where the leak of data and other information insecurity problems arose distrust

• Y

  Cloud mining

  It is a kind of service provided to those who want to conduct mining but do not want to buy mining devices.

  Oracle machine

  An oracle machine is an abstract machine used to study decision problems.

  Aether

  According to the concept proposed by Aristotle, Aether is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial sphere.

  Jamaica Accords

  In 1950, the U.S. balance of payments swung negative,

  Cross-Chain Interaction of Heterogeneous Chains

  One of the cross-chain interactive technology,

  Hard Link

  A directory entry that associates a name with a file on a file _.

  The Onion Routers （ TOR）

  A free open source that can provide triple encryption for users when they visit the website. It is also the most popular method to visit the dark web anonymously.

• Z

  zk-SNARK

  It refers to a method of proofing

  Zcash

  It is a decentralized and open-source privacy-focused cryptocurrency that first applied zero-knowledge proofs.

  Zero-confirmation transaction

  It refers to a transaction confirmed by the seller without being recorded and verified on the blockchain.

  Self-regulatory ｏrganization

  A self-regulatory organization _SRO_ is a non-governmental organization

  Longest Chain Rule

  A principle based on which only the longest PoW chain is valid

  Common Block

  A limited-capacity block whose capacity is larger than the blank block’s but smaller than the full block’s.

  State Channels

  A mutually virtual channel that provides state services for users,

  Relay

  A data transmission channel found between two users or services, e.g. repeater, relay circuit.

  Autonomous Things

  One of the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2020 proposed by Gartner.